bow.sh https://bow.sh/ zh-CN Comprehensive VPS benchmarking platform providing real performance data from cloud servers worldwide. Compare CPU, disk I/O, network speed, and pricing across major VPS providers with independent benchmark tests. Wed, 28 Jan 2026 12:58:43 +0800 Wed, 28 Jan 2026 12:58:43 +0800 Fail2Ban Introduction and Setup Guide https://bow.sh/fail2ban.html https://bow.sh/fail2ban.html Wed, 28 Jan 2026 12:58:43 +0800 bow.sh Fail2Ban is an intrusion prevention software developed in Python that protects servers from brute-force attacks. Fail2Ban can scan system log files and ban IPs with excessive abnormal login attempts. It automatically updates firewall rules (such as iptables) to reject requests from specific IP addresses for a specified period of time. It is commonly used to prevent SSH brute-force attacks.

Installing Fail2Ban

# For Ubuntu, Debian
sudo apt install -y fail2ban
# For CentOS, Fedora
sudo yum install -y epel-release
sudo yum install -y fail2ban
# Enable Fail2Ban service
systemctl enable --now fail2ban

Configuring Fail2Ban

The default configuration file for Fail2Ban is /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf.
Generate custom rules by running cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf /etc/fail2ban/jail.local.
Common parameters:

  • enabled - Indicates whether to enable the monitoring service
  • port - Port number of the monitored service
  • filter - Enabled log filter, references files located in /etc/fail2ban/filter.d directory
  • logpath - Log file path for the monitored service (traditional log files, e.g., /var/log/auth.log)
  • backend - Log backend (e.g., systemd, polling, auto)
  • journalmatch - systemd log filter condition (optional, works without it, but more precise/resource-efficient)
  • ignoreip - Whitelist IP/network segments (ignore failed records from these sources)
  • maxretry - Maximum number of failed retry attempts
  • findtime - Time range for counting failed attempts
  • bantime - Duration to ban IP addresses (supports s/m/h/d, or directly write in seconds)

Preventing SSH Brute-Force Attacks

Edit /etc/fail2ban/jail.local. Generally choose based on log source: use logpath for traditional log files, use systemd backend if only journald is available.
Below are two common configurations, choose one:

1) Traditional log files (with /var/log/auth.log or /var/log/secure)

[sshd]
enabled  = true
# Current SSH port number
port     = 22
filter   = sshd
# Ubuntu/Debian
logpath  = /var/log/auth.log
# CentOS/RHEL
# logpath = /var/log/secure
maxretry = 3    # Maximum failed attempts
findtime = 5m   # Counting time range (accumulated failed attempts within this time, can also directly write in seconds)
bantime  = 1h   # Ban duration (supports s/m/h/d, can also directly write in seconds)

2) systemd logs (more universal for minimal systems or without auth.log)

[sshd]
enabled  = true
# Current SSH port number (can specify multiple ports)
port     = 22,20000
filter   = sshd
backend  = systemd
maxretry = 3    # Maximum failed attempts
findtime = 5m   # Counting time range (accumulated failed attempts within this time, can also directly write in seconds)
bantime  = 24h  # Ban duration (supports s/m/h/d, can also directly write in seconds)

Restart Fail2Ban with systemctl restart fail2ban to apply the configuration.
At this point, if you intentionally enter wrong credentials more than maxretry times, the IP will be banned, SSH connections will be rejected or timeout, and you need to wait for bantime to expire or manually unban before retrying.

IP Whitelist (Optional)

If you need to allow specific sources, write ignoreip in /etc/fail2ban/jail.local. Writing in [DEFAULT] applies to all jails, writing in [sshd] applies only to SSH. Supports single IP, CIDR, IPv6, separate multiple entries with spaces. Example:

[DEFAULT]
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 ::1 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8

Other Related Commands

# View generated iptables rules, `Chain f2b-sshd` is the rule generated by Fail2Ban
iptables -nL

# Test configuration
fail2ban-client -t

# View Fail2Ban logs (for debugging)
tail -n15 /var/log/fail2ban.log
# If the file doesn't exist, use:
# journalctl -u fail2ban -n 50 -f

# Real-time systemd log viewing (replace keywords as needed)
journalctl -kf | grep "sshd"

# Restart/reload
systemctl restart fail2ban   # Restart service (banned IPs may be cleared)
systemctl reload fail2ban    # Reload configuration (preserve ban list)

# View all jail list and overview
fail2ban-client status
# View `sshd` service status
fail2ban-client status sshd

# Manually remove/add Ban IP rules
fail2ban-client set sshd unbanip x.x.x.x
fail2ban-client set sshd banip x.x.x.x

Conclusion

Even if you change the default SSH port, it may still be scanned. The key is to use key-based login or strong passwords, combined with Fail2Ban for automatic banning.
Additionally, if the system has traditional log files, you can use tail -f /var/log/auth.log to view SSH login logs.
If using systemd logs, use journalctl -fu ssh (Debian/Ubuntu) or journalctl -fu sshd (CentOS/RHEL).

]]> 0 https://bow.sh/fail2ban.html#comments https://bow.sh/feed/fail2ban.html hping Introduction https://bow.sh/hping.html https://bow.sh/hping.html Wed, 28 Jan 2026 10:57:00 +0800 bow.sh Introduction to the hping Command

hping is an open-source command-line network tool for generating and parsing TCP/IP protocol packet assembly and analysis. The latest version is hping3, which supports TCP/UDP/ICMP and RAW-IP protocols, features traceroute mode, can send files between covered channels, and offers many other capabilities.

hping3 is commonly used for TCP ping, security testing, port scanning, firewall testing, and other tasks. The advantage of hping lies in its ability to customize various parts of packets, enabling flexible and detailed probing of target machines.

Installing hping3

# Ubuntu/Debian
apt-get install -y hping3
# CentOS/RHEL
yum install -y hping3

hping3 Parameter List

  -h  --help      Show help
  -v  --version   Show version
  -c  --count     Limit the number of packets to send
  -i  --interval  Packet sending interval (uX for X microseconds, e.g., -i u1000)
      --fast      Equivalent to -i u10000 (10 packets/sec)
      --faster    Equivalent to -i u1000 (100 packets/sec)
      --flood     Send packets at maximum host performance
  -n  --numeric   Numeric output, no DNS resolution
  -q  --quiet     Quiet mode (no output during process)
  -I  --interface Specify network interface (e.g., eth0)
  -V  --verbose   Verbose mode
  -D  --debug     Debug information
  -z  --bind      TTL of outgoing packets, bind ctrl+z shortcut (default bound, press once to increase TTL by 1, press twice to decrease by 1)
  -Z  --unbind    Unbind ctrl+z shortcut
      --beep      Beep for each matching packet received
# Mode selection (default mode is TCP)
  -0  --rawip      RAW IP mode, hping sends IP headers with data
  -1  --icmp       ICMP mode
  -2  --udp        UDP mode
  -8  --scan       SCAN mode (e.g., hping --scan 1-30,70-90 -S www.target.host)
  -9  --listen     Listen mode
# IP mode parameters
  -a  --spoof      Spoof source IP
  --rand-dest      Random destination address (e.g., hping3 -I eth0 --rand-dest 192.168.1.x, x represents 0-255)
  --rand-source    Use random address to spoof your own address
  -t  --ttl        Specify TTL value (default: 64)
  -N  --id         ID value in hping (default: random)
  -W  --winid      Use WINDOWS id byte order (UNIX/WINDOWS responses differ)
  -r  --rel        Relative id field, output with decreasing ID
  -f  --frag       Fragment packets after transmission, can pass through weak ACLs (Access Control Lists)
  -x  --morefrag   Set more fragments flag
  -y  --dontfrag   Set don't fragment flag
  -g  --fragoff    Set fragment offset
  -m  --mtu        Set virtual MTU, when packet > MTU, use --frag for fragmentation
  -o  --tos        Specify Type of Service (default: 0x00), use --tos help for help
  -G  --rroute     Record IP route and display route buffer
  --lsrr           Loose source routing
  --ssrr           Strict source routing
  -H  --ipproto    Set IP protocol, only used in RAW IP mode
# ICMP mode parameters
  -C  --icmptype   Specify ICMP type (default: echo request)
  -K  --icmpcode   Specify ICMP code (default: 0)
      --force-icmp Force ICMP type (default: only send supported types)
      --icmp-gw    ICMP redirect (default: 0.0.0.0)
      --icmp-ts    ICMP timestamp, equivalent to --icmp --icmptype 13
      --icmp-addr  ICMP subnet address, equivalent to --icmp --icmptype 17
      --icmp-help  ICMP help
# UDP/TCP mode parameters
  -s  --baseport   Source port (default: random)
  -p  --destport   Set destination port (default: 0)
  -k  --keep       Keep source port
  -w  --win        Set window size (default: 64)
  -O  --tcpoff     Set fake TCP data offset (replaces TCP address length divided by 4)
  -Q  --seqnum     Display only TCP sequence number
  -b  --badcksum   Attempt to send packets with bad IP checksum. Many systems will fix the IP checksum of sent packets, resulting in incorrect UDP/TCP checksums
  -M  --setseq     Set TCP sequence number
  -L  --setack     Set TCP acknowledgment number
  -F  --fin        Set FIN flag
  -S  --syn        Set SYN flag
  -R  --rst        Set RST flag
  -P  --push       Set PUSH flag
  -A  --ack        Set ACK flag
  -U  --urg        Set URG flag
  -X  --xmas       Set X unused flag (0x40)
  -Y  --ymas       Set Y unused flag (0x80)
  --tcpexitcode    Use last tcp->th_flags as exit code
  --tcp-mss        Enable TCP MSS option with given value
  --tcp-timestamp  Enable TCP timestamp option to guess HZ/uptime
# Common parameters
  -d  --data       Packet size to send (default: 0)
  -E  --file       File data
  -e  --sign       Add 'signature'
  -j  --dump       Dump packet in hexadecimal
  -J  --print      Dump printable characters
  -B  --safe       Enable 'safe' protocol
  -u  --end        When using --file option, prompt at EOF and prevent rewind
  -T  --traceroute Traceroute mode (includes --bind and --ttl 1)
  --tr-stop        In traceroute mode, exit when first non-ICMP packet is received
  --tr-keep-ttl    Keep source TTL fixed, useful for monitoring single hops
  --tr-no-rtt      Don't calculate/display RTT information in traceroute mode
# ARS packet description (new, unstable)
  --apd-send       Send packets described by APD (see docs/APD.txt)

Common hping3 Commands

  • TCP ping
    hping3 -S -p 80 <IP address> - TCP ping to port 80
  • Port scanning
    hping3 -S --scan 21-500 <IP address> - Scan ports 21-500
]]> 0 https://bow.sh/hping.html#comments https://bow.sh/feed/hping.html FTP File Operations with curl https://bow.sh/curl-ftp.html https://bow.sh/curl-ftp.html Wed, 28 Jan 2026 10:51:01 +0800 bow.sh There are many tools for managing FTP files via shell command line, but they all require additional installation. In fact, curl can satisfy most scenarios. This article organizes some common FTP operations (upload/download/delete) and includes examples for deleting old files.

List FTP Directory Files with curl

# Regular file list
curl -s -u username:password ftp://ftp.example.com/test/
# List with file timestamps
curl -s -u username:password ftp://ftp.example.com/test/ -X MLSD

Upload Files to FTP Directory with curl

# -T specifies the file to upload
# --ftp-create-dirs automatically creates non-existent directories
curl -u username:password ftp://ftp.example.com/test/ --ftp-create-dirs -T ./1.txt
# You can also specify the uploaded filename
curl -u username:password ftp://ftp.example.com/test/2.txt --ftp-create-dirs -T ./1.txt

Download Files from FTP with curl

# -o specifies the saved filename
curl -u username:password ftp://ftp.example.com/test/1.txt -o ./my.file
# PS: If the FTP directory is bound to a domain, you can also download via HTTP

Delete FTP Files with curl

# DELE followed by file path
curl -u username:password ftp://ftp.example.com -Q "DELE /test/1.txt"

Move or Rename FTP Files with curl

# RNFR represents the source file, RNTO represents the destination file
curl -u username:password ftp://ftp.example.com -Q "RNFR /test/1.txt" -Q "RNTO /1.txt.done"

Create or Delete Directories with curl

# Create directory (parent directory must exist)
curl -u username:password ftp://ftp.example.com/test/ -Q "MKD /test/aa"
# Delete directory (must be empty)
curl -u username:password ftp://ftp.example.com/test/ -Q "RMD /test/aa"

Advanced: Delete Old Files, Keep the Latest n Files

Example: Sort by file time, keep only the 5 newest files, delete all others. Can be saved as delete_old_ftp_files.sh for testing.

#!/bin/bash

# FTP Server Information
FTP_HOST=""
FTP_USER=""
FTP_PASS=""
# folder path must end with "/"
FTP_DIR="/tmp/"

# Number of files to keep
NUM_FILES_TO_KEEP=5

# Get a list of files in the FTP server
files=$(curl -s -u $FTP_USER:$FTP_PASS ftp://$FTP_HOST${FTP_DIR} -X MLSD | grep 'type=file')
# Sort by modify time
files=$(echo "$files" | cut -d';' -f3,8 | sort -k1)
# echo -e "${files}"
# get file name
files=$(echo "$files" | cut -d';' -f2)

# Find the number of files
num_files=$(echo "$files" | wc -l)

# Delete all files except the newest NUM_FILES_TO_KEEP
if [ $num_files -gt $NUM_FILES_TO_KEEP ]; then
  files_to_delete=$(echo "$files" | head -n $((num_files - NUM_FILES_TO_KEEP)))
  for file in $files_to_delete; do
    # echo "DELETE $file"
    curl -u $FTP_USER:$FTP_PASS -Q "DELE ${FTP_DIR}/$file" ftp://$FTP_HOST${FTP_DIR} > /dev/null 2>&1
  done
fi

Advanced: Delete Files Before a Certain Time

Example: Delete old files from 5 days ago or 2 hours ago.

#!/bin/bash

# FTP Server Information
FTP_HOST=""
FTP_USER=""
FTP_PASS=""
# folder path must end with "/"
FTP_DIR="/tmp/"

# compare_date=$(date -d '-5 days' +'%s') # 5 days ago
compare_date=$(date -d '-2 hours' +'%s') # 2 hours ago

# Get a list of files in the FTP server
files=$(curl -s -u $FTP_USER:$FTP_PASS ftp://$FTP_HOST${FTP_DIR} -X MLSD | grep 'type=file' | cut -d';' -f3,8)
# echo -e "${files}"

# echo $(date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') $(date +'%s')
while IFS= read -r line
do
  # echo "$line"
  file=$(echo "$line" | cut -d';' -f2)
  dt=$(echo "$line" | cut -d';' -f1 | cut -d'=' -f2)
  # -00:00 specifies the timezone of the FTP returned time
  datetime="${dt:0:8} ${dt:8:2}:${dt:10:2}:${dt:12:2} -00:00"
  timestamp=$(date -d "$datetime" +'%s')
  # echo $file, $dt, $(TZ=Asia/Shanghai date -d "@$timestamp" +'%FT%T %z'), $(TZ=Asia/Shanghai date -d "@$compare_date" +'%FT%T %z')
  if [[ "$timestamp" < "$compare_date" ]]; then
    # echo "DELETE $file"
    curl -u $FTP_USER:$FTP_PASS -Q "DELE ${FTP_DIR}/$file" ftp://$FTP_HOST${FTP_DIR} > /dev/null 2>&1
  fi
done < <(printf '%s\n' "$files")

Summary

For SFTP protocol, use sftp://ftp.example.com as the FTP URL.

]]> 0 https://bow.sh/curl-ftp.html#comments https://bow.sh/feed/curl-ftp.html MTR Introduction https://bow.sh/mtr.html https://bow.sh/mtr.html Wed, 28 Jan 2026 10:40:13 +0800 bow.sh MTR Introduction

mtr is a network testing tool pre-installed on almost all Linux distributions, standing for "my traceroute", used for network connectivity diagnostics. MTR combines the functionality of ping and traceroute commands into a single tool, providing more powerful capabilities. Unlike the traceroute command which performs only a single route trace test, mtr conducts continuous probing of relevant nodes along the path and provides corresponding statistics. Therefore, mtr can avoid the impact of node fluctuations on test results, making its connectivity testing more accurate.

MTR Parameter List

-F, --filename FILE        Read hosts to probe from file
-4                         Use IPv4 protocol only
-6                         Use IPv6 protocol only
-u, --udp                  Use UDP for path probing (mtr uses ICMP by default)
-T, --tcp                  Use TCP for path probing (mtr uses ICMP by default)
-a, --address ADDRESS      Set the IP address for sending packets (when a host has multiple IP addresses)
-f, --first-ttl NUMBER     Specify initial TTL, default is 1
-m, --max-ttl NUMBER       Specify maximum number of hops to probe
-U, --max-unknown NUMBER   Maximum number of unknown hosts, default is 5
-P, --port PORT            Destination port number (TCP, SCTP, UDP)
-L, --localport LOCALPORT  Source port number for UDP
-s, --psize PACKETSIZE     Specify packet size to send (in bytes)
-B, --bitpattern NUMBER    Specify bit pattern for payload
-i, --interval SECONDS     ICMP echo request interval
-G, --gracetime SECONDS    Seconds to wait for responses
-Q, --tos NUMBER           Specify Type of Service field value in IP header
-e, --mpls                 Display information from ICMP extensions
-Z, --timeout SECONDS      Specify timeout duration
-r, --report               Enable report mode (display statistics directly)
-w, --report-wide          Enable wide report mode (display full hostnames, suitable for long hostnames)
-c, --report-cycles COUNT  Set number of pings to send, default is 10
-j, --json                 Output in JSON format
-x, --xml                  Output in XML format
-C, --csv                  Output in CSV format
-l, --raw                  Output in raw format
-p, --split                Split output (concise mode)
-t, --curses               Use curses-based terminal interface
    --displaymode MODE     Select initial display mode (0: default with statistics, 1: bar chart without latency info, 2: bar chart with latency info)
-n, --no-dns               Do not attempt to resolve hostnames when displaying IP addresses
-b, --show-ips             Display both IP addresses and hostnames
-o, --order FIELDS         Specify fields to display
    Fields for -o option:
    L   Loss ratio
    D   Dropped packets
    R   Received packets
    S   Sent Packets
    N   Newest RTT (ms)
    B   Min/Best RTT (ms)
    A   Average RTT (ms)
    W   Max/Worst RTT (ms)
    V   Standard Deviation
    G   Geometric Mean
    J   Current Jitter
    M   Jitter Mean/Avg
    X   Worst Jitter
    I   Interarrival Jitter
-y, --ipinfo NUMBER        Select IP information output
-z, --aslookup             Print AS numbers
-h, --help                 Display help information
-v, --version              Display version information

Examples

# Use TCP mode with AS numbers, specify IPv4 protocol
mtr -rwzT4 google.com
# Output
HOST                                            Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev
1. AS399804 45.59.126.1                          0.0%    10    1.2   1.2   1.1   1.5   0.1
2. AS53667  198.251.87.9                         0.0%    10    0.5   6.0   0.5  21.1   7.1
3. AS???    172.18.0.29                          0.0%    10    1.2   4.1   1.2  12.1   3.9
4. AS6939   100ge0-70.core3.lax2.he.net          0.0%    10    9.9  13.9   8.5  32.5   8.8
5. AS6939   port-channel8.core2.lax1.he.net      0.0%    10    8.9  15.7   8.2  46.4  12.1
    AS6939   100ge3-2.core1.lax2.he.net
6. AS???    google.as15169.any2ix.coresite.com   0.0%    10    9.8  13.8   8.5  32.9   7.4
    AS???    206.72.211.148.any2ix.coresite.com
    AS???    eqix-la1.google-2.com
7. AS15169  108.170.247.129                      0.0%    10    9.8   9.5   8.2  11.7   0.9
    AS15169  108.170.247.161
8. AS15169  142.251.60.127                       0.0%    10    8.3  15.9   8.3  38.1  10.4
    AS15169  142.251.60.129
9. AS15169  lax31s15-in-f14.1e100.net            0.0%    10    8.5  13.2   8.3  44.8  11.4

MTR Output Explanation

  • Column 1 (Host): Node IP address and domain name
  • Column 2 (Loss%): Node packet loss rate, packet loss rate at each hop
  • Column 3 (Snt): Number of packets sent. Default is 10, can be specified with -c parameter
  • Last, Avg: Latest latency and average latency of probes, in milliseconds. Generally focus on Avg (average latency)
  • Best, Worst: Minimum and maximum latency of probes, in milliseconds
  • StDev: Standard deviation; higher values indicate more instability at the corresponding node

Loss% (Packet Loss Rate)

If any node's packet loss rate is non-zero, it indicates potential network issues at that hop. Common causes of node packet loss include:

  • ISP limiting ICMP sending rate at the node for security or performance reasons, causing packet loss
  • The node actually experiencing anomalies, causing packet loss

You can determine the cause of packet loss by examining the loss pattern at the anomalous node and subsequent nodes:

  • If subsequent nodes show no packet loss, it typically indicates the anomalous node's packet loss is due to ISP policy restrictions. Such packet loss can be ignored.
  • If subsequent nodes also show packet loss, it typically indicates the anomalous node has actual network anomalies causing packet loss.
  • Additionally, both situations may occur simultaneously (node has both policy rate limiting and network anomalies). If the anomalous node and subsequent nodes show continuous packet loss with varying loss rates at different nodes, typically use the packet loss rate of the last few hops as the reference.

Sometimes mtr output shows ???, indicating no results found, which may also be due to ISP policy restrictions or timeouts.

]]> 0 https://bow.sh/mtr.html#comments https://bow.sh/feed/mtr.html Traceroute Introduction https://bow.sh/traceroute.html https://bow.sh/traceroute.html Wed, 28 Jan 2026 10:30:00 +0800 bow.sh Traceroute Introduction

traceroute is a default routing trace utility provided by Linux, used to track the route of IP packets to a specific host. It leverages TTL (Time To Live), sending a series of probe packets to the destination address and listening for timeout responses from gateways. The first request has a TTL of 1, incrementing sequentially up to the 30th (default maximum of 30 hops), until an ICMP port unreachable or TCP reset is received. By default, 3 probe packets are sent per hop, and a line is printed showing the TTL/gateway address/round-trip time for each probe. If probe results come from different gateways, the address of each responding system is printed. If there's no response within 5 seconds, an asterisk * is printed.

Traceroute Parameter List

-4: Force IPv4 traceroute (by default, the appropriate protocol is automatically selected; if hostname resolution returns both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, traceroute prioritizes IPv4)
-6: Force IPv6 traceroute
-T, --tcp: Use TCP SYN for probing (equivalent to `tcptraceroute`)
-I, --icmp: Use ICMP ECHO for probing
-d, --debug: Enable socket-level debugging, if supported by the kernel
-F, --dont-fragment: Do not fragment probe packets
-f first_ttl, --first=first_ttl: Specify initial TTL, default is 1
-g gate,..., --gateway=gate,...: Route packets through specified gateways (maximum 8 for IPv4, 127 for IPv6)
-i device, --interface=device: Specify network interface to send packets (default is selected based on routing table)
-m max_ttl, --max-hops=max_ttl: Specify maximum number of hops (maximum TTL value) for traceroute probes, default is 30
-N squeries, --sim-queries=squeries: Specify number of simultaneously sent probe packets, default is 16
-n: Display IP addresses without attempting to resolve hostnames
-p port, --port=port: Set destination port; TCP remains unchanged, UDP and ICMP port numbers increment with each probe
-t tos, --tos=tos: Set IPv4 Type of Service (16 for low delay, 8 for high throughput), or IPv6 traffic control value
-l flow_label, --flowlabel=flow_label: Add flow_label to IPv6 packets for special handling by routers
-w MAX,HERE,NEAR, --wait=MAX,HERE,NEAR: Set timeout values; HERE for wait count on same route (default 3), NEAR for wait count on next hop (default 10), MAX for timeout duration (default 5 seconds)
-q nqueries, --queries=nqueries: Set number of packets sent per hop, default is 3
-r: Bypass normal routing table and send packets directly to remote host
-s src_addr, --source=src_addr: Specify IP address as source address for outgoing probe packets
-z sendwait, --sendwait=sendwait: Set probe packet interval, default is 0; values ≤10 are in milliseconds, >10 are in seconds
-e, --extensions: Display ICMP extensions, including MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)
-A, --as-path-lookups: Print AS numbers
-M name, --module=name: Use specified module (built-in or external) for traceroute; most methods have shortcuts (e.g., `-I` for `-M icmp`)
-O OPTS,..., --options=OPTS,...: Use module-specific options OPTS for traceroute module, multiple options separated by commas
--sport=num: Specify source port, implies `-N 1`
--fwmark=num: Set firewall mark for outgoing packets
-U, --udp: Use UDP to a specific port for routing instead of incrementing port per probe, default port is 53
-UL: Use UDP LITE for routing, default destination port is 53
-D, --dccp: Use DCCP requests for routing, default port is 33434
-P prot, --protocol=prot: Use raw packets with protocol protection for routing
--mtu: Discover MTU along the traced path, implies `-F -N 1`
--back: Infer number of hops in backward path, print if different
-V: Print version information
--help: Print help information

Examples

# View route using traceroute
traceroute google.com

# Use TCP traceroute with AS numbers, specify IPv4
traceroute -TA4 google.com

# Send 1 packet per hop
traceroute -q1 google.com

# Specify packet length of 30 bytes
traceroute google.com 30
]]> 0 https://bow.sh/traceroute.html#comments https://bow.sh/feed/traceroute.html xTom V.PS Frankfurt VPS Review and Benchmarks https://bow.sh/xtom-fra.html https://bow.sh/xtom-fra.html Tue, 27 Jan 2026 15:19:00 +0800 bow.sh This review tests the v.ps Frankfurt Cloud KVM VPS - Pro plan, 4C/4GB RAM/40GB SSD/1TB (bi-directional) @ 1Gbps.

V.PS is a sub-brand of xTom, founded in 2012. xTom, registered in Germany, is a professional Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provider and upstream supplier for many hosting companies. They offer KVM VPS services across the Netherlands, Germany, Estonia, UK, USA, Hong Kong, Australia, and Japan, with excellent international connectivity and reliable uptime.

  • Performance VPS – Premium AMD EPYC with premium China routes (CN2 GIA, AS9929, CMIN2).
  • Edge VPS – Mid-range EPYC with China-optimized routes (163, 4837, CMI) and regional routes (IIJ, NTT), offering balanced value.
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Network Benchmark & System Info (nws.sh)

 Basic System Info
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 CPU Model          : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6133 CPU @ 2.50GHz
 CPU Cores          : 4 @ 2494.140 MHz
 CPU Cache          : 16384 KB
 AES-NI             : ✔ Enabled
 VM-x/AMD-V         : ✔ Enabled
 Total Disk         : 39.3 GB (1.6 GB Used)
 Total RAM          : 3.8 GB (362.2 MB Used)
 Total Swap         : 256.0 MB (268.0 KB Used)
 System uptime      : 3 days, 14 hour 33 min
 Load average       : 0.00, 0.02, 0.00
 OS                 : Debian GNU/Linux 13
 Arch               : x86_64 (64 Bit)
 Kernel             : 6.12.63+deb13-cloud-amd64
 Virtualization     : KVM
 TCP Control        : bbr
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Basic Network Info
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Primary Network    : IPv4
 IPv6 Access        : ✔ Online
 IPv4 Access        : ✔ Online
 ISP                : xTom GmbH
 ASN                : AS3214 xTom GmbH
 Host               : xTom GmbH
 Location           : Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia-NW, Germany
 Location (IPv4)    : Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, DE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Speedtest.net (Region: GLOBAL)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Location         Latency     Loss    DL Speed       UP Speed       Server      

 ISP: xTom 

 Nearest          1.13 ms     0.0%    959.49 Mbps    1045.26 Mbps   FynnCloud - Kassel 

 Bangalore, IN    158.43 ms   0.0%    951.07 Mbps    554.58 Mbps    Bharti Airtel Ltd - Bangalore 
 Chennai, IN      172.02 ms   0.0%    817.03 Mbps    517.06 Mbps    RailTel Corporation of India Ltd - Chennai 
 Mumbai, IN       114.87 ms   0.0%    1015.25 Mbps   825.00 Mbps    Melbicom - Mumbai 

 Seattle, US      155.75 ms   N/A     769.35 Mbps    525.36 Mbps    Comcast - Seattle, WA 
 Los Angeles, US  175.67 ms   0.0%    926.49 Mbps    449.30 Mbps    ReliableSite Hosting - Los Angeles, CA 
 Dallas, US       128.70 ms   0.0%    859.21 Mbps    866.03 Mbps    Hivelocity - Dallas, TX 
 Miami, US        128.01 ms   0.0%    1035.96 Mbps   906.77 Mbps    Frontier - Miami, FL 
 New York, US     78.33 ms    0.0%    1025.01 Mbps   982.27 Mbps    GSL Networks - New York, NY 
 Toronto, CA      131.01 ms   0.0%    972.43 Mbps    657.92 Mbps    Rogers - Toronto, ON 
 Mexico City, MX  163.81 ms   0.0%    961.83 Mbps    521.25 Mbps    INFINITUM - Ciudad de México 

 London, UK       13.80 ms    0.0%    936.07 Mbps    948.41 Mbps    VeloxServ Communications - London 
 Amsterdam, NL    FAILED                                                        
 Paris, FR        19.67 ms    0.0%    951.16 Mbps    981.18 Mbps    Scaleway - Paris 
 Frankfurt, DE    7.64 ms     0.6%    965.09 Mbps    1039.72 Mbps   Clouvider Ltd - Frankfurt am Main 
 Warsaw, PL       19.15 ms    0.0%    976.26 Mbps    1044.15 Mbps   Play - Warszawa 
 Bucharest, RO    28.58 ms    0.0%    973.19 Mbps    1045.65 Mbps   Digi        
 Moscow, RU       39.93 ms    0.3%    865.62 Mbps    1036.90 Mbps   Misaka Network, Inc. - Moscow 

 Jeddah, SA       67.17 ms    0.0%    992.77 Mbps    827.63 Mbps    Saudi Telecom Company 
 Dubai, AE        110.00 ms   0.0%    1002.41 Mbps   253.92 Mbps    e& UAE - Dubai 
 Istanbul, TR     40.02 ms    0.0%    975.95 Mbps    980.42 Mbps    Turkcell - Istanbul 
 Tehran, IR       77.71 ms    0.0%    978.92 Mbps    750.91 Mbps    Irancell - Tehran 
 Cairo, EG        58.41 ms    0.0%    974.33 Mbps    875.63 Mbps    Telecom Egypt - Cairo 

 Tokyo, JP        FAILED                                                        
 Shanghai, CU-CN  242.37 ms   N/A     603.41 Mbps    613.17 Mbps    China Unicom 5G - Shanghai 
 Hong Kong, CN    212.16 ms   N/A     507.37 Mbps    347.52 Mbps    Misaka Network, Inc. - Hong Kong 
 Singapore, SG    176.43 ms   0.0%    717.30 Mbps    470.30 Mbps    ViewQwest - Singapore 
 Jakarta, ID      169.21 ms   0.0%    867.10 Mbps    468.29 Mbps    PT Solnet Indonesia - Jakarta 

 Sydney, AU       297.99 ms   0.0%    912.77 Mbps    597.06 Mbps    Aussie Broadband - Sydney 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Avg DL Speed       : 907.15 Mbps
 Avg UL Speed       : 745.61 Mbps

 Total DL Data      : 34.66 GB
 Total UL Data      : 25.56 GB
 Total Data         : 60.21 GB
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Duration           : 12 min 46 sec
 System Time        : 27/01/2026 - 01:49:24 UTC
 Total Script Runs  : 517329
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result             : https://result.nws.sh/r/1769478566_XVB57V_GLOBAL.txt
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

International Speed Test (custom script, single-thread)

Node Name                       IP address                      Download Speed      Latency (TCP)   
----- Global (CDN) -----           
CacheFly, CDN                   205.234.175.175                  925.49 Mbps        1.070ms         
Cloudflare, CDN                 162.159.140.220                  882.01 Mbps        0.906ms         
----- Asia-Pacific -----           
Leaseweb, HongKong, CN          64.120.117.34                      4.69 Mbps        200.121ms       
Gcore, HongKong, CN             92.223.76.254                     60.45 Mbps        238.563ms       
EDIS, HongKong, CN              158.255.208.12                    38.00 Mbps        179.439ms       
Hinet, Taiwan                   210.61.132.1                      33.82 Mbps        213.998ms       
Linode, Tokyo, JP               139.162.65.37                     37.12 Mbps        260.642ms       
Gcore, Tokyo, JP                92.223.63.254                     64.63 Mbps        241.903ms       
Vultr, Seoul, KR                141.164.34.61                     69.91 Mbps        296.248ms       
Linode, Singapore, SG           139.162.23.4                      68.29 Mbps        239.009ms       
Vultr, Sydney, AU               108.61.212.117                    98.08 Mbps        292.690ms       
Universitas, Jakarta, ID        152.118.24.42                      2.25 Mbps        169.731ms       
----- Western Asia -----           
Dediserve, Dubai, UAE           109.169.72.30                      5.17 Mbps        112.729ms       
EDIS, Tel Aviv, IL              193.182.144.14                   191.05 Mbps        62.015ms        
----- Western US -----             
Linode, Fremont, US             50.116.14.9                       40.78 Mbps        149.500ms       
Leaseweb, San Francisco, US     23.81.166.99                      13.59 Mbps        147.710ms       
----- Central US -----             
Vultr, Chicago, US              107.191.51.12                    346.23 Mbps        102.355ms       
----- Eastern US -----             
Linode, Newark, US              50.116.57.237                    184.32 Mbps        96.515ms        
Leaseweb, Washington, US        23.105.9.80                       20.65 Mbps        92.882ms        
----- Canada -----                 
----- Western & Southern Europe -----
Linode, London, UK              176.58.107.39                    674.15 Mbps        14.755ms        
Linode, Frankfurt, DE           139.162.130.8                    592.36 Mbps        1.378ms         
Leaseweb, Amsterdam, NL         95.211.20.80                     712.61 Mbps        11.568ms        
----- Central & Eastern Europe -----
EDIS, Moscow, RU                213.183.56.10                    330.42 Mbps        44.162ms        
EDIS, Warsaw, PL                37.235.48.250                     65.55 Mbps        16.180ms        
EDIS, Bucharest, RO             194.68.44.10                       0.21 Mbps        24.576ms        
Gcore, Istanbul, TR             92.38.142.30                     307.31 Mbps        36.762ms

TCP Traceroute (custom script)

Targets are residential broadband IPs where possible.

North America

# - USA (East) - Verizon Fios (Newark, NJ)
traceroute to 74.102.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              0.91 ms
2   91.200.241.12   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1-2.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                   0.84 ms
3   62.115.176.208  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-b5-link.ip.twelve99.net               0.77 ms
4   62.115.141.152  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net              0.99 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415960, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
5   62.115.122.138  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Paris Île-de-France France  arelion.com 
    prs-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net              10.32 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415960, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
6   62.115.140.107  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Ashburn Virginia United States  arelion.com 
    ash-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net              93.94 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415960, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
7   62.115.141.50   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Ashburn Virginia United States  arelion.com 
    ash-b2-link.ip.twelve99.net               91.47 ms
8   *
9   74.102.*.*     AS701                     Newark New Jersey United States  verizon.com 
    lo0-100.NWRKNJ-VFTTP-354.verizon-gni.net   96.05 ms
# - USA (West) - Comcast (Los Angeles, CA)
traceroute to 24.104.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              1.00 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     0.67 ms
3   195.219.221.110 AS6453                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  tatacommunications.com 
    ix-be-40-1501.ecore2.fr0-frankfurt.as6453.net   1.02 ms
5   *
6   80.231.245.12   AS6453                    Paris Île-de-France France  tatacommunications.com 
    if-bundle-12-2.qcore1.pvu-paris.as6453.net   85.91 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 46192, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
7   80.231.154.200  AS6453                    Paris Île-de-France France  tatacommunications.com 
    if-bundle-22-3.qcore1.pye-paris.as6453.net   85.13 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 86631, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
8   63.243.137.148  AS6453                    United States    tatacommunications.com 
                                              85.48 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 0, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
9   216.6.87.126    AS6453   [ASHBURN-AEQ]    Ashburn Virginia United States  tatacommunications.com 
                                              85.31 ms
10  96.110.34.82    AS7922   [CABLE-1]        Dallas Texas United States  corporate.comcast.com 
    be-3111-pe11.1950stemmons.tx.ibone.comcast.net   116.17 ms
30  *
# - USA (Central) - AT&T (Dallas, TX)
traceroute to 12.119.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              5.55 ms
2   91.200.241.12   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1-2.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                   1.36 ms
3   62.115.176.208  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-b5-link.ip.twelve99.net               0.74 ms
4   62.115.114.90   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net              0.93 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415960, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
5   62.115.122.138  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Paris Île-de-France France  arelion.com 
    prs-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net              10.18 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415960, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
6   62.115.140.107  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Ashburn Virginia United States  arelion.com 
    ash-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net              93.78 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415960, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
7   62.115.141.50   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Ashburn Virginia United States  arelion.com 
    ash-b2-link.ip.twelve99.net               91.49 ms
8   *
9   32.130.88.254   AS7018                    United States    att.com 
                                              119.89 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 125202, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
30  *
# - USA (West) - Hawaiian Telcom (Hawaii)
traceroute to 72.253.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              0.90 ms
2   91.200.241.12   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1-2.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                   0.78 ms
3   195.219.221.108 AS6453                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  tatacommunications.com 
    ix-be-40-1500.ecore2.fr0-frankfurt.as6453.net   1.09 ms
5   *
6   4.69.206.150    AS3356                    Fremont California United States  lumen.com 
    ae1.3501.edge1.Honolulu1.net.lumen.tech   260.75 ms
30  *
# - Canada - Bell (Montreal, QC)
traceroute to 74.14.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              19.87 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
                                              5.48 ms
3   62.115.176.208  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-b5-link.ip.twelve99.net               0.90 ms
4   62.115.141.148  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net              1.51 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 409520, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
5   62.115.123.13   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Paris Île-de-France France  arelion.com 
    prs-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net              10.44 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 409520, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
6   62.115.135.24   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    London England United Kingdom  arelion.com 
    ldn-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net              16.28 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 409520, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
7   62.115.139.244  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    New York United States   arelion.com 
    nyk-bb5-link.ip.twelve99.net              85.03 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 409520, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
8   62.115.137.143  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Montreal Quebec Canada  arelion.com 
    motl-b4-link.ip.twelve99.net              177.80 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 25561, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
9   *
10  213.248.98.43   AS1299   [TELIANET]       Montreal Quebec Canada  arelion.com 
    bce-ic-337938.ip.twelve99-cust.net        203.57 ms
11  142.124.125.218 *                         Montreal Quebec Canada        
                                              214.85 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 78702, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
12  142.124.127.250 *                         Canada          
                                              218.97 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 78702, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
30  *
# - Mexico - Telmex DSL (Mexico)
traceroute to 187.227.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              31.36 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     5.48 ms
3   62.115.176.208  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-b5-link.ip.twelve99.net               0.65 ms
4   62.115.114.88   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net              1.34 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415760, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
5   62.115.123.13   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Paris Île-de-France France  arelion.com 
    prs-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net              9.49 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415760, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
6   62.115.140.105  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Stockholm Stockholm County Sweden  arelion.com 
    rest-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net             87.85 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415760, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
7   62.115.138.71   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Alexander United States 30456  arelion.com 
    atl-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net              99.09 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415760, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
8   62.115.134.247  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Alexander United States 30456  arelion.com 
    atl-b24-link.ip.twelve99.net              101.73 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415760, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
9   62.115.116.212  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Dallas Texas United States  arelion.com 
    dls-b7-link.ip.twelve99.net               117.65 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415760, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
10  62.115.138.65   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Dallas Texas United States  arelion.com 
    dls-b23-link.ip.twelve99.net              115.67 ms
11  62.115.197.57   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Dallas Texas United States  arelion.com 
    telmex-ic-389894.ip.twelve99-cust.net     115.07 ms
12  189.246.153.101 AS8151                    Miguel Hidalgo Mexico City Mexico  telmex.com 
    ipdsl-gro-hidalgo-33-cge2-0-4_0.uninet.net.mx   174.53 ms
30  *

South America

# - Brazil - Claro (São Paulo)
traceroute to 179.242.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              1.26 ms
2   91.200.241.12   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1-2.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                   0.81 ms
3   91.200.241.189  *                         Amsterdam North Holland Netherlands        
    a2.waves.cr01.ams01.xtom.nl               13.39 ms
4   185.1.160.119   AS1031                    Friesland Netherlands  Frys-IX - PEER-1 - 100Gbps peer-1.com 
    as1031.frys-ix.net                        99.61 ms
5   172.17.0.189    *                         RFC1918          
                                              90.15 ms
6   208.89.73.39    AS999                     New York City New York United States  corix999.com 
                                              213.21 ms
7   200.244.216.220 AS4230                    Brazil    embratel.com.br 
                                              214.35 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 123437, TC 0, S 0, TTL 1]
    [MPLS: Lbl 120163, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
8   200.230.220.45  AS4230                    Brazil    embratel.com.br 
    ebt-B1111-core01.spo.embratel.net.br      218.79 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 120328, TC 0, S 0, TTL 1]
    [MPLS: Lbl 120163, TC 0, S 1, TTL 2]
9   200.230.243.33  AS4230                    São Paulo State of São Paulo Brazil  embratel.com.br 
                                              217.36 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 120163, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
10  200.230.243.86  AS4230                    São Paulo State of São Paulo Brazil  embratel.com.br 
                                              214.42 ms
30  *
# - Argentina - Movistar (Buenos Aires)
traceroute to 200.81.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              70.88 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     0.76 ms
3   62.115.176.208  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-b5-link.ip.twelve99.net               0.93 ms
4   62.115.37.19    AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  arelion.com 
    telefonica-ic-322233.ip.twelve99-cust.net   11.13 ms
5   176.52.248.125  AS12956  [TDATANET]       Paris Île-de-France France  telxius.com 
                                              240.01 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 25427, TC 1, S 1, TTL 1]
6   94.142.127.65   AS12956  [ES-TDATACORP]   Falls Church Virginia United States  telxius.com 
                                              98.25 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 348282, TC 1, S 1, TTL 1]
7   94.142.99.151   AS12956  [ES-TDATACORP]   Buenos Aires F.D. Argentina   telxius.com 
                                              236.94 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 24761, TC 1, S 1, TTL 1]
8   94.142.99.168   AS12956  [ES-TDATACORP]   Buenos Aires F.D. Argentina   telxius.com 
                                              242.01 ms
9   213.140.39.117  AS12956  [TDATANET]       Buenos Aires F.D. Argentina   telxius.com 
                                              236.00 ms
10  *
11  200.106.242.58  AS262175                  Buenos Aires F.D. Argentina         
                                              238.75 ms
30  *
# - Chile - Entel (Santiago)
traceroute to 186.9.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              29.26 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     0.66 ms
3   62.115.176.208  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-b5-link.ip.twelve99.net               0.65 ms
4   62.115.149.1    AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  arelion.com 
    telecomitalia-ic-318723.ip.twelve99-cust.net   11.55 ms
5   195.22.221.41   AS6762   [IT-SEABONE]     Santiago Santiago Metropolitan Region Chile  tisparkle.com 
                                              231.59 ms
6   195.22.221.3    AS6762   [IT-SEABONE]     Santiago Santiago Metropolitan Region Chile  tisparkle.com 
                                              227.06 ms
30  *

Europe

# - UK - British Telecom (London)
traceroute to 62.6.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              22.45 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     0.64 ms
3   195.219.221.110 AS6453                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  tatacommunications.com 
    ix-be-40-1501.ecore2.fr0-frankfurt.as6453.net   0.91 ms
4   195.219.220.46  AS6453                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  tatacommunications.com 
    if-bundle-52-2.qcore1.fr0-frankfurt.as6453.net   15.82 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 3795, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
5   *
6   80.231.245.12   AS6453                    Paris Île-de-France France  tatacommunications.com 
    if-bundle-12-2.qcore1.pvu-paris.as6453.net   15.94 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 45564, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
7   *
8   80.231.154.27   AS6453                    Paris Île-de-France France  tatacommunications.com 
    if-bundle-2-2.qcore2.pye-paris.as6453.net   16.51 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 100038, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
30  *
# - Germany - Deutsche Telekom (Frankfurt)
traceroute to 217.0.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              0.96 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     0.93 ms
3   62.115.176.208  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-b5-link.ip.twelve99.net               0.88 ms
4   62.115.172.71   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Stockholm Stockholm County Sweden  arelion.com 
    dtag-ic-387598.ip.twelve99-cust.net       1.72 ms
5   62.154.17.130   AS3320   [DTAG-BACKBONE]  Frankfurt am Main Hesse Germany  wholesale.telekom.com 
    f-ea13-i.F.DE.NET.DTAG.DE                 5.05 ms
6   217.0.38.225    AS3320   [DTAG-DIAL13]    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  wholesale.telekom.com 
                                              1.31 ms
30  *
# - France - Orange S.A. (Paris)
traceroute to 81.52.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              0.86 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     0.67 ms
3   81.52.187.57    AS5511                    Frankfurt am Main Hesse Germany  wholesale.orange.com 
                                              1.24 ms
4   193.251.133.28  AS5511   [OPENTRANSIT-BACKBONE] France    wholesale.orange.com 
                                              58.40 ms
6   *
7   81.52.*.*     AS5511                    Paris Île-de-France France  wholesale.orange.com 
                                              9.57 ms
# - Netherlands - KPN (Sliedrecht)
traceroute to 46.144.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              26.45 ms
2   91.200.241.12   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1-2.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                   7.83 ms
3   *
4   84.116.137.78   AS6830                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  libertyglobal.com 
    de-fra02a-rc1-ae-0-0.aorta.net            21.47 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 100013, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
5   84.116.136.174  AS6830                    Hlavní město Praha Czech   libertyglobal.com 
    cz-prg02b-rr5-em0-50.aorta.net            7.44 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 100013, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
6   84.116.136.173  AS6830                    Amsterdam North Holland Netherlands  libertyglobal.com 
    nl-ams14a-rb2-lag-3-0.aorta.net           7.51 ms
8   *
9   46.144.*.*    AS1136                    Rotterdam South Holland Netherlands  kpn.com 
    46-144-130-1.biz.kpn.net                  15.48 ms

Eastern Europe & Central Asia

# - Russia - Rostelecom (Moscow)
traceroute to 90.154.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              0.92 ms
2   91.200.241.12   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1-2.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                   1.04 ms
4   *
5   184.104.206.217 AS6939   [HURRICANE-11]   Stockholm Stockholm County Sweden  he.net 
    as12389.core3.sto1.he.net                 34.61 ms
30  *

Asia

# - China - Telecom (Beijing)
traceroute to 219.141.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              25.05 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     1.34 ms
3   145.14.73.5     AS4809   [CTE-NET]        Frankfurt Hessen Germany  www.chinatelecom.com.cn  电信
                                              1.70 ms
4   5.154.154.81    *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany  电信/CTGNet
                                              0.84 ms
5   5.154.156.50    *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
                                              163.84 ms
6   59.43.185.169   *        [CN2-BackBone]   Shanghai China  X-I chinatelecom.cn  电信
                                              164.59 ms
7   *
8   59.43.46.85     *        [CN2-BackBone]   Beijing China   chinatelecom.cn  电信
                                              187.74 ms
9   *
10  36.112.238.66   AS4847                    Beijing China   bj.189.cn 
                                              187.00 ms
11  219.141.*.*  AS4847   [CHINATELECOM-BJ] Beijing China   bj.189.cn 
                                              189.92 ms
# - China - Unicom (Beijing)
traceroute to 202.106.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              35.78 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     0.58 ms
3   91.200.241.130  *                         London England United Kingdom        
    a5.waves.cr01.lon08.xtom.uk               15.51 ms
4   162.255.48.9    AS10099  [CUG-BACKBONE]   London England United Kingdom  chinaunicomglobal.com  联通
                                              13.72 ms
5   162.255.48.202  AS10099  [CUG-BACKBONE]   Frankfurt Hessen Germany  chinaunicomglobal.com  联通
                                              31.28 ms
6   162.255.48.201  AS10099  [CUG-BACKBONE]   Frankfurt Hessen Germany  chinaunicomglobal.com  联通
                                              155.96 ms
7   210.78.28.153   *        [CNC-BACKBONE]   Beijing China   chinaunicom.cn  联通 CUII
                                              164.56 ms
8   210.78.30.166   *        [CNC-BACKBONE]   Beijing China  CU-CNC-Peer chinaunicom.cn  联通 CUII
                                              147.09 ms
9   *
10  219.158.21.169  AS4837   [CU169-BACKBONE] Beijing China   chinaunicom.cn 
                                              147.15 ms
11  125.33.186.158  AS4808   [UNICOM-BJ]      Beijing China   www.bbn.com.cn  联通
                                              146.79 ms
30  *
# - China - Mobile (Beijing)
traceroute to 221.179.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              0.82 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     0.70 ms
3   223.120.175.53  AS58807  [CMIN2-NET]      Frankfurt Hesse Germany  cmi.chinamobile.com  移动
                                              3.58 ms
4   223.120.170.21  AS58807  [CMIN2-NET]      Frankfurt Hessen Germany  cmi.chinamobile.com  移动
                                              124.39 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 77891, TC 3, S 1, TTL 1]
5   223.120.180.9   AS58807  [CMIN2-NET]      Beijing China  法兰克福-北京 cmi.chinamobile.com  移动
                                              137.01 ms
6   221.183.92.137  AS9808   [CMNET]          Beijing China  X-I chinamobileltd.com  移动
                                              137.30 ms
7   221.183.89.81   AS9808   [CMNET]          Beijing China  I-C chinamobileltd.com  移动
                                              137.10 ms
8   221.183.179.5   AS9808   [CMNET]          Beijing China   chinamobileltd.com 
                                              131.79 ms
9   221.183.125.46  AS9808   [CMNET]          Beijing China   chinamobileltd.com  移动
                                              134.98 ms
30  *
# - China - CERNET (Beijing)
traceroute to 101.6.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              1.31 ms
2   91.200.241.12   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1-2.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                   0.98 ms
3   145.14.73.5     AS4809   [CTE-NET]        Frankfurt Hessen Germany  www.chinatelecom.com.cn  电信
                                              1.71 ms
4   185.75.175.25   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
                                              1.08 ms
5   5.154.156.42    AS23764                   Beijing China   chinatelecomglobal.com  电信
    CTCN2.DE.FRK.CTGNet                       138.82 ms
6   *
7   59.43.132.33    *        [CN2-BackBone]   Beijing China   chinatelecom.cn  电信
                                              162.48 ms
11  *
12  101.4.113.234   AS4538   [BJR-CERNET]     Beijing China   edu.cn  教育网
                                              165.61 ms
13  202.112.38.6    AS4538   [CERNET-CN]      Beijing China   edu.cn  教育网
                                              164.18 ms
14  118.229.4.69    AS4538   [BJR-CERNET]     Beijing China  海淀区 edu.cn  教育网
                                              164.02 ms
15  118.229.4.74    AS4538   [BJR-CERNET]     Beijing China  海淀区 edu.cn  教育网
                                              164.79 ms
16  *
17  118.229.8.6     AS4538   [BJR-CERNET]     Beijing China  海淀区 edu.cn  教育网
                                              165.41 ms
18  *
19  101.6.*.*     AS4538   [BJR-CERNET]     清华大学 China 100190  edu.cn 
                                              167.28 ms
# - Japan - NTT Communications (Tokyo)
traceroute to 124.40.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              1.25 ms
2   91.200.241.12   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1-2.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                   0.85 ms
3   62.115.176.208  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-b5-link.ip.twelve99.net               0.87 ms
4   62.115.136.218  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net              1.14 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415960, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
5   62.115.122.138  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Paris Île-de-France France  arelion.com 
    prs-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net              10.42 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415960, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
6   62.115.140.107  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Ashburn Virginia United States  arelion.com 
    ash-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net              93.19 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 415960, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
7   62.115.141.50   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Ashburn Virginia United States  arelion.com 
    ash-b2-link.ip.twelve99.net               90.54 ms
8   129.250.8.18    AS2914   [NTT-BACKBONE]   Ashburn Virginia United States  gin.ntt.net 
    ae-40.a08.asbnva02.us.bb.gin.ntt.net      90.94 ms
9   129.250.4.30    AS2914   [NTT-BACKBONE]   Ashburn Virginia United States  gin.ntt.net 
    ae-4.r26.asbnva02.us.bb.gin.ntt.net       92.38 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 164499, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
10  129.250.6.1     AS2914   [NTT-BACKBONE]   San Jose California United States  gin.ntt.net 
    ae-10.r26.snjsca04.us.bb.gin.ntt.net      151.63 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 216014, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
11  129.250.5.225   AS2914   [NTT-BACKBONE]   San Jose California United States  gin.ntt.net 
    ae-0.r27.snjsca04.us.bb.gin.ntt.net       152.01 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 839501, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
12  *
13  129.250.7.14    AS2914   [NTT-BACKBONE]   Tokyo Tokyo Japan  gin.ntt.net 
    ae-0.a00.tokyjp09.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net       244.34 ms
14  61.200.80.158   AS2914                    Tokyo Tokyo Japan  gin.ntt.net 
    ae-1.zenlayer-c3-networks.tokyjp09.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net   256.76 ms
15  128.1.110.239   AS21859  [ZL-LAX]         Tokyo Tokyo Japan  zenlayer.com 
                                              257.55 ms
16  128.1.65.129    AS21859  [ZL-LAX]         Tokyo Tokyo Japan  zenlayer.com 
                                              404.69 ms
17  192.169.109.69  AS21859  [US-ZENLAYER]    Tokyo Tokyo Japan  zenlayer.com 
                                              263.62 ms
18  10.68.3.3       *                         RFC1918          
                                              261.37 ms
19  124.40.*.*     AS2914                    Tokyo Tokyo Japan  gin.ntt.net 
                                              259.27 ms
# - South Korea - KT (Seoul)
traceroute to 221.148.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              1.05 ms
2   91.200.241.12   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1-2.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                   0.83 ms
3   62.115.176.208  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-b5-link.ip.twelve99.net               0.97 ms
4   62.115.141.152  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net              1.13 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 404220, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
5   62.115.122.138  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Paris Île-de-France France  arelion.com 
    prs-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net              10.40 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 404220, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
6   62.115.133.238  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    London England United Kingdom  arelion.com 
    ldn-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net              15.88 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 404220, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
8   *
9   62.115.136.103  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Singapore    arelion.com 
    kanc-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net             149.89 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 25147, TC 0, S 0, TTL 1]
    [MPLS: Lbl 404220, TC 0, S 1, TTL 2]
10  *
11  62.115.139.112  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    California United States   arelion.com 
    palo-bb2-link.ip.twelve99.net             152.00 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 404220, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
12  62.115.139.111  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    California United States   arelion.com 
    palo-b24-link.ip.twelve99.net             172.02 ms
13  213.155.141.169 AS1299                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  arelion.com 
    kt-ic-380482.ip.twelve99-cust.net         168.17 ms
14  112.174.87.97   AS4766   [APNIC-AP]       Naju Jeollanam-do Republic of Korea  kt.com 
                                              723.24 ms
30  *
# - Singapore - Singtel (Singapore)
traceroute to 203.208.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              20.16 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     1.33 ms
3   185.1.167.69    AS6939                    Hesse Germany  LOCIX FRANKFURT - Hurricane Electric - 100Gbps he.net 
    as6939.locix.online                       1.79 ms
4   *
5   184.104.189.53  AS6939   [HURRICANE-11]   Marseille Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur France  he.net 
    port-channel19.core4.mrs1.he.net          14.64 ms
8   *
9   74.82.49.6      AS6939                    Taipei City China   he.net 
    chief-telecom-inc.e0-4.switch2.tpe1.he.net   250.37 ms
10  103.123.253.13  *        [Link3-NET]      Taipei City China   chief.net.tw  是方电讯
    13-253-123-103-static.chief.net.tw        230.78 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 47, TC 0, S 0, TTL 1]
    [MPLS: Lbl 19, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
11  113.21.95.72    AS17408  [CHIEF-AS]       Taipei City China   chief.net.tw  是方电讯
                                              228.88 ms
12  113.21.85.222   *        [CHIEF-AS]       Taipei Taiwan   chief.net.tw  是方电讯
                                              225.64 ms
13  203.208.182.197 AS7473   [SINGTEL-IX]     Singapore    singtel.com 
                                              309.85 ms
14  203.208.*.*61 AS7473   [SINGTEL-IX]     Singapore    singtel.com 
                                              308.78 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 42548, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
15  203.208.173.249 AS7473   [SINGTEL-IX]     Singapore    singtel.com 
                                              325.37 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 48910, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
16  203.208.178.9   AS7473   [SINGTEL-IX]     Hong Kong China   singtel.com 
                                              320.18 ms
30  *
# - India - Reliance Jio (Mumbai)
traceroute to 49.44.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              67.49 ms
2   91.200.241.12   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1-2.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                   0.89 ms
3   91.200.241.130  *                         London England United Kingdom        
    a5.waves.cr01.lon08.xtom.uk               15.70 ms
4   195.66.225.188  AS64049  [LINX-PEER]      England United Kingdom  LINX LON1 - Reliance Jio Infocomm Singapore - 100Gbps jio.com 
                                              17.13 ms
5   103.198.140.28  AS64049                   Singapore    jio.com 
                                              233.77 ms
6   49.44.220.240   AS55836                   Mumbai Maharashtra India  jio.com 
                                              142.60 ms
8   *
9   49.44.59.0      AS55836                   Mumbai Maharashtra India  jio.com 
                                              139.61 ms
30  *
# - Indonesia - Telkomsel (Jakarta)
traceroute to 114.120.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              0.82 ms
2   91.200.241.12   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1-2.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                   0.74 ms
3   80.81.193.22    AS7713   [DE-CIX]         Frankfurt am Main Germany  DE-CIX Frankfurt - Telekomunikasi Indonesia Int (TELIN) - 200Gbps telin.net 
    decix-v4.telin.co.id                      169.84 ms
4   *
5   36.95.255.93    AS7713                    DKI Jakarta Indonesia   telin.net 
                                              177.19 ms
6   36.95.255.94    AS7713                    Jakarta Jakarta Indonesia  telin.net 
                                              177.44 ms
7   114.120.*.* AS23693                   Jakarta Jakarta Indonesia  telkomsel.com 
                                              177.90 ms

Middle East

# - UAE - Emirates Integrated Telecom (Dubai)
traceroute to 91.73.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              0.85 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     1.59 ms
3   91.200.241.130  *                         London England United Kingdom        
    a5.waves.cr01.lon08.xtom.uk               15.52 ms
5   *
6   10.254.36.138   *                         RFC1918          
                                              121.29 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 32866, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
7   10.100.34.77    *                         RFC1918          
                                              126.72 ms
30  *
# - Saudi Arabia - Saudi Telecom (Riyadh)
traceroute to 212.118.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              1.20 ms
2   91.200.241.12   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1-2.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                   0.62 ms
3   185.1.170.68    AS39386                   40 Düsseldorf Germany  DE-CIX Dusseldorf - Saudi Telecom Company (STC IGW) - 10Gbps stc.com.sa 
    WS-DUS-DE-CIX-IGW-2.stc.com.sa            0.80 ms
4   10.188.195.49   *                         RFC1918          
                                              81.76 ms
5   10.188.193.20   *                         RFC1918          
                                              83.58 ms
6   10.188.193.25   *                         RFC1918          
                                              81.19 ms
7   94.97.246.39    AS25019                   Riyadh Riyadh Region Saudi Arabia  stc.com.sa 
                                              82.59 ms
30  *
# - Israel - Bezeq International (Kfar Tavor)
traceroute to 84.110.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              24.02 ms
2   91.200.241.12   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1-2.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                   0.79 ms
3   62.115.176.208  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-b5-link.ip.twelve99.net               0.75 ms
4   62.115.145.141  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    bezeq-ic-382087.ip.twelve99-cust.net      1.41 ms
5   10.250.31.0     *                         RFC1918          
                                              53.48 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 16650, TC 4, S 0, TTL 1]
    [MPLS: Lbl 86, TC 4, S 1, TTL 1]
6   10.250.31.8     *                         RFC1918          
                                              50.13 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 2711, TC 4, S 0, TTL 1]
    [MPLS: Lbl 86, TC 4, S 1, TTL 2]
7   62.219.189.2    AS8551                    Petah Tikva Center District Palestine  bezeqint.net 
    bzq-219-189-2.dsl.bezeqint.net            50.78 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 86, TC 4, S 1, TTL 1]
8   10.191.76.2     *                         RFC1918          
                                              51.00 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 16, TC 4, S 1, TTL 1]
30  *

Oceania

# - Australia - Telstra (Sydney)
traceroute to 203.54.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              14.65 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     1.00 ms
3   195.219.221.110 AS6453                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  tatacommunications.com 
    ix-be-40-1501.ecore2.fr0-frankfurt.as6453.net   1.09 ms
4   195.219.220.112 AS6453                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  tatacommunications.com 
    if-bundle-52-3.qcore1.fr0-frankfurt.as6453.net   148.54 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 388, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
5   80.231.245.40   AS6453                    Paris Île-de-France France  tatacommunications.com 
    if-bundle-56-2.qcore2.pvu-paris.as6453.net   149.08 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 284, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
6   80.231.245.12   AS6453                    Paris Île-de-France France  tatacommunications.com 
    if-bundle-12-2.qcore1.pvu-paris.as6453.net   148.53 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 45549, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
7   80.231.154.200  AS6453                    Paris Île-de-France France  tatacommunications.com 
    if-bundle-22-3.qcore1.pye-paris.as6453.net   149.38 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 46016, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
8   80.231.154.27   AS6453                    Paris Île-de-France France  tatacommunications.com 
    if-bundle-2-2.qcore2.pye-paris.as6453.net   149.12 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 75558, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
10  *
11  195.219.51.157  AS6453                    New York United States   tatacommunications.com 
    if-bundle-14-2.qcore1.nto-newyork.as6453.net   148.16 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 48770, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
16  *
17  203.54.*.*    AS1221                    Sydney New South Wales Australia  telstra.com.au 
                                              283.47 ms
# - New Zealand - Spark (Auckland)
traceroute to 122.56.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              1.03 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     2.02 ms
3   62.115.176.208  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-b5-link.ip.twelve99.net               1.09 ms
4   62.115.114.88   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Frankfurt Hesse Germany  arelion.com 
    ffm-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net              1.25 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 413220, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
5   62.115.123.13   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Paris Île-de-France France  arelion.com 
    prs-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net              9.89 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 413220, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
6   62.115.140.105  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Stockholm Stockholm County Sweden  arelion.com 
    rest-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net             88.42 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 413220, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
7   62.115.114.86   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Los Angeles California United States  arelion.com 
    lax-b22-link.ip.twelve99.net              145.57 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 25248, TC 0, S 0, TTL 1]
    [MPLS: Lbl 413220, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
8   62.115.140.226  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Los Angeles California United States  arelion.com 
    lax-bb1-link.ip.twelve99.net              145.55 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 413220, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
9   62.115.137.63   AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Los Angeles California United States  arelion.com 
    lax-b23-link.ip.twelve99.net              145.58 ms
10  62.115.145.207  AS1299   [ARELION-NET]    Los Angeles California United States  arelion.com 
    tnzusa-ic-316539.ip.twelve99-cust.net     145.85 ms
14  *
15  122.56.*.*  AS4648                    Auckland Auckland New Zealand  spark.co.nz 
                                              267.07 ms

Africa

# - South Africa - Telkom (Johannesburg)
traceroute to 41.149.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              22.83 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     0.91 ms
3   91.200.241.130  *                         London England United Kingdom        
    a5.waves.cr01.lon08.xtom.uk               15.49 ms
4   195.66.226.95   AS37468  [LINX-PEER]      England United Kingdom  LINX LON1 - Angola Cables - 100Gbps angolacables.co.ao 
                                              12.71 ms
5   100.64.192.117  *                         RFC6598          
                                              162.47 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 158, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
6   102.130.69.4    AS37468  [AFRINIC-102]    Angola    angolacables.co.ao 
                                              159.91 ms
7   102.130.69.5    AS37468  [AFRINIC-102]    Cape Town Western Cape South Africa  angolacables.co.ao 
                                              159.04 ms
8   *
9   105.187.234.98  AS37457  [AFRINIC-105]    Johannesburg Gauteng South Africa  telkomsa.net 
                                              185.93 ms
10  105.224.0.14    AS37457  [AFRINIC-105]    Johannesburg Gauteng South Africa  telkomsa.net 
                                              188.56 ms
11  41.149.*.*    AS37457                   Johannesburg Gauteng South Africa  telkomsa.net 
                                              186.96 ms
# - Nigeria - MTN (Lagos)
traceroute to 102.89.*.*, 30 hops max, 52 bytes payload, TCP mode
1   45.80.188.1     AS3214                    Frankfurt Hessen Germany  xtom.com 
                                              1.42 ms
2   91.200.241.10   *                         Frankfurt Hessen Germany        
    a1.cr01.fra01.xtom.de                     0.80 ms
3   91.200.241.189  *                         Amsterdam North Holland Netherlands        
    a2.waves.cr01.ams01.xtom.nl               10.36 ms
4   80.249.208.117  AS16637                   North Holland Netherlands  AMS-IX - MTN South Africa - 500Gbps mtn.com 
    am-tpr-1-nl.mtnns.net                     14.44 ms
5   41.181.244.77   AS16637                   Amsterdam North Holland Netherlands  mtn.com 
                                              24.50 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 38557, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
6   41.181.190.196  AS16637                   South Africa    mtn.com 
                                              16.21 ms
    [MPLS: Lbl 24691, TC 0, S 1, TTL 1]
7   41.181.244.168  AS16637                   London England United Kingdom  mtn.com 
                                              71.98 ms
8   *
9   102.89.59.5     *        [AFRINIC-102]    Nigeria          
                                              144.32 ms
30  *

IP Quality Check (custom script)

# Test Time: Tue Jan 27 01:59:55 AM UTC 2026
# = IPv4
---------  ipinfo  ---------
IP Location: Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, DE
ASN: AS3214, ASN Type: hosting, Company Type: hosting (Dual ISP: No)
VPN: No, Tor: No, Proxy: No, iCloud relay: No, Data Center: Yes
---------  ipdata  ---------
ASN: AS3214, ASN Type: hosting, Company Type: hosting
VPN: Yes, Tor: No, Proxy: No, iCloud relay: No, Data Center: Yes, Anonymous Proxy: Yes
Attacker: No, Abuser: No
IP Risk (ML, probability): VPN:100%, Proxy:1%, Abuse:100%, Trust:33% (Low)
------  scamalytics  -------
Fraud Score: 16/100 (Low)
Data Center: No, VPN: No, Tor: No, Public Proxy: No, Crawler: No
-----  ipqualityscore  -----
Fraud Score: 65/100 (Medium), IP Location: Dusseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, DE
VPN: Yes, Tor: No, Proxy: Yes, Recent Abuse: No, Crawler: No, Bot: No
# = IPv6
---------  ipinfo  ---------
IP Location: Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, DE
ASN: AS3214, ASN Type: hosting, Company Type: hosting (Dual ISP: No)
VPN: No, Tor: No, Proxy: No, iCloud relay: No, Data Center: Yes
---------  ipdata  ---------
ASN: AS3214, ASN Type: hosting, Company Type: hosting
VPN: Yes, Tor: No, Proxy: No, iCloud relay: No, Data Center: Yes, Anonymous Proxy: Yes
Attacker: No, Abuser: No
IP Risk (ML, probability): VPN:100%, Proxy:0%, Abuse:100%, Trust:33% (Low)
------  scamalytics  -------
Fraud Score: 16/100 (Low)
Data Center: No, VPN: No, Tor: No, Public Proxy: No, Crawler: No
-----  ipqualityscore  -----
Fraud Score: 65/100 (Medium), IP Location: Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, DE
VPN: Yes, Tor: No, Proxy: Yes, Recent Abuse: No, Crawler: No, Bot: No

Streaming & Gaming Region Restriction Test

 ** Test Starts At: Tue Jan 27 04:25:38 AM UTC 2026

 ** Checking Results Under IPv4
--------------------------------
 ** Your Network Provider: xTom (45.147.*.*)

============[ Multination ]============
 Dazn:                                  Failed (Error: )
 Disney+:                               No (IP Banned By Disney+ 1)
 Netflix:                               Yes (Region: DE)
 YouTube Premium:                       Yes (Region: DE)
 Amazon Prime Video:                    Yes (Region: DE)
 TVBAnywhere+:                          Yes
 Spotify Registration:                  No
 OneTrust Region:                       DE [Hesse]
 iQyi Oversea Region:                   DE
 Bing Region:                           DE (Risky)
 Apple Region:                          DE
 YouTube CDN:                           Frankfurt
 Netflix Preferred CDN:                 Dusseldorf
 ChatGPT:                               Yes
 Google Gemini:                         No
 Claude:                                Yes
 Wikipedia Editability:                 No
 Google Play Store:                     Germany
 Google Search CAPTCHA Free:            Yes
 Steam Currency:                        EUR
 ---Forum---
 Reddit:                                No
 ---Game---
 SD Gundam G Generation Eternal:        No
===============[ Europe ]==============
 Paramount+:                            Yes (Region: DE)
 Discovery+:                            Yes (Region: DE)
 SonyLiv:                               Failed (Network Connection)
 HBO Max:                               Yes (Region: DE)
 SkyShowTime:                           No
 BritBox:                               No
 Rakuten TV:                            No
 Megogo TV:                             Yes
 Setanta Sports:                        No
 MathsSpot Roblox:                      Failed (Error: FailureUnauthorized)
 ---GB---
 HotStar:                               Failed (Error: REGION ERROR DE_)
 Sky Go:                                Failed (Error: Unknown)
 ITV Hub:                               Failed (Error: PAGE ERROR)
 Channel 4:                             No
 Channel 5:                             Yes
 BBC iPLAYER:                           No
 Acorn TV:                              No
 Shudder:                               Yes
 ---FR---
 Canal+:                                Failed (Error: 403)
 Molotov:                               No
 ---DE---
 Joyn:                                  Yes
 SKY DE:                                Yes
 ZDF:                                   Yes
 ---NL---
 NLZIET:                                Failed (Error: PAGE ERROR)
 videoland:                             No
 NPO Start Plus:                        Failed (Error: 401)
 ---ES---
 Movistar+:                             No
 ---IT---
 Rai Play:                              No
 ---CH---
 SKY CH:                                Yes
 ---RU---
 Amediateka:                            No

 ** Checking Results Under IPv6
--------------------------------
 ** Your Network Provider: xTom GmbH (2a09:0:9:*:*)

============[ Multination ]============
 Dazn:                                  IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 Disney+:                               IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 Netflix:                               Yes (Region: DE)
 YouTube Premium:                       Yes (Region: DE)
 Amazon Prime Video:                    IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 TVBAnywhere+:                          IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 Spotify Registration:                  No
 OneTrust Region:                       DE [Hesse]
 iQyi Oversea Region:                   IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 Bing Region:                           DE (Risky)
 Apple Region:                          DE
 YouTube CDN:                           Frankfurt
 Netflix Preferred CDN:                 Frankfurt
 ChatGPT:                               Failed (Network Connection)
 Google Gemini:                         No
 Claude:                                Yes
 Wikipedia Editability:                 No
 Google Play Store:                     Germany
 Google Search CAPTCHA Free:            Yes
 Steam Currency:                        IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 ---Forum---
 Reddit:                                IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 ---Game---
 SD Gundam G Generation Eternal:        Failed (Network Connection)
===============[ Europe ]==============
 Paramount+:                            Yes (Region: DE)
 Discovery+:                            IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 SonyLiv:                               Failed (Network Connection)
 HBO Max:                               Yes (Region: DE)
 SkyShowTime:                           No
 BritBox:                               No
 Rakuten TV:                            IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 Megogo TV:                             IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 Setanta Sports:                        IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 MathsSpot Roblox:                      IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 ---GB---
 HotStar:                               Failed (Error: REGION ERROR DE_)
 Sky Go:                                IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 ITV Hub:                               IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 Channel 4:                             IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 Channel 5:                             IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 BBC iPLAYER:                           IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 Acorn TV:                              IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 Shudder:                               Yes
 ---FR---
 Canal+:                                IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 Molotov:                               No
 ---DE---
 Joyn:                                  IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 SKY DE:                                IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 ZDF:                                   IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 ---NL---
 NLZIET:                                IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 videoland:                             No
 NPO Start Plus:                        Failed (Network Connection)
 ---ES---
 Movistar+:                             IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 ---IT---
 Rai Play:                              IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported
 ---CH---
 SKY CH:                                Failed (Error: 301)
 ---RU---
 Amediateka:                            IPv6 Is Not Currently Supported

Performance Benchmark (yabs)

Tue Jan 27 01:59:57 AM UTC 2026
Basic System Information:
---------------------------------
Uptime     : 3 days, 14 hours, 56 minutes
Processor  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6133 CPU @ 2.50GHz
CPU cores  : 4 @ 2494.140 MHz
AES-NI     : ✔ Enabled
VM-x/AMD-V : ✔ Enabled
RAM        : 3.8 GiB
Swap       : 256.0 MiB
Disk       : 39.3 GiB
Distro     : Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)
Kernel     : 6.12.63+deb13-cloud-amd64
VM Type    : KVM
IPv4/IPv6  : ✔ Online / ✔ Online

Preparing system for disk tests...fio Disk Speed Tests (Mixed R/W 50/50) (Partition /dev/vda1):
---------------------------------
Block Size | 4k            (IOPS) | 64k           (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ----
Read       | 226.49 MB/s  (56.6k) | 1.29 GB/s    (20.2k)
Write      | 227.09 MB/s  (56.7k) | 1.30 GB/s    (20.3k)
Total      | 453.58 MB/s (113.3k) | 2.60 GB/s    (40.6k)
           |                      |
Block Size | 512k          (IOPS) | 1m            (IOPS)
  ------   | ---            ----  | ----           ----
Read       | 1.23 GB/s     (2.4k) | 1.23 GB/s     (1.2k)
Write      | 1.30 GB/s     (2.5k) | 1.31 GB/s     (1.2k)
Total      | 2.54 GB/s     (4.9k) | 2.55 GB/s     (2.4k)
iperf3 Network Speed Tests (IPv4):
---------------------------------
Provider        | Location (Link)           | Send Speed      | Recv Speed      | Ping
-----           | -----                     | ----            | ----            | ----
Clouvider       | London, UK (10G)          | 959 Mbits/sec   | 777 Mbits/sec   | 16.1 ms
Eranium         | Amsterdam, NL (100G)      | 1.04 Gbits/sec  | 978 Mbits/sec   | 7.55 ms
Uztelecom       | Tashkent, UZ (10G)        | 892 Mbits/sec   | 851 Mbits/sec   | 128 ms
Leaseweb        | Singapore, SG (10G)       | 690 Mbits/sec   | 642 Mbits/sec   | --
Clouvider       | Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | 574 Mbits/sec   | 667 Mbits/sec   | 144 ms
Leaseweb        | NYC, NY, US (10G)         | 965 Mbits/sec   | 796 Mbits/sec   | 106 ms
Edgoo           | Sao Paulo, BR (1G)        | 833 Mbits/sec   | 45.5 Mbits/sec  | 184 ms
iperf3 Network Speed Tests (IPv6):
---------------------------------
Provider        | Location (Link)           | Send Speed      | Recv Speed      | Ping
-----           | -----                     | ----            | ----            | ----
Clouvider       | London, UK (10G)          | 965 Mbits/sec   | 929 Mbits/sec   | 19.5 ms
Eranium         | Amsterdam, NL (100G)      | 1.04 Gbits/sec  | 975 Mbits/sec   | 8.16 ms
Uztelecom       | Tashkent, UZ (10G)        | 971 Mbits/sec   | 862 Mbits/sec   | 128 ms
Leaseweb        | Singapore, SG (10G)       | 704 Mbits/sec   | 728 Mbits/sec   | --
Clouvider       | Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | 595 Mbits/sec   | 724 Mbits/sec   | 144 ms
Leaseweb        | NYC, NY, US (10G)         | 957 Mbits/sec   | 577 Mbits/sec   | 86.5 ms
Edgoo           | Sao Paulo, BR (1G)        | 811 Mbits/sec   | 786 Mbits/sec   | 184 ms
Geekbench 6 Benchmark Test:
---------------------------------
Test            | Value
                |
Single Core     | 632
Multi Core      | 2076
Full Test       | https://browser.geekbench.com/v6/cpu/16280352

Plans

  • Starter
    CPU: 2 cores, RAM: 1G, Storage: 20GB SSD, Traffic: 1T/mo, Bandwidth: 1Gbps
    €5.95/mo
  • Essential
    CPU: 2 cores, RAM: 2G, Storage: 20GB SSD, Traffic: 1T/mo, Bandwidth: 1Gbps
    €7.95/mo
  • Pro
    CPU: 4 cores, RAM: 4G, Storage: 40GB SSD, Traffic: 1T/mo, Bandwidth: 1Gbps
    €9.95/mo

View All Plans

Official Description:

Data center speed test: https://v.ps/speedtest/
Routing has been independently optimized for each of China’s three major carriers:
China Telecom (CT): Continues to use CN2 GIA (CTGNET)
China Unicom (CU): Continues to use CUP AS9929
China Mobile (CM): Fully migrated to CMIN2

Verdict

V.PS Frankfurt delivers solid performance with premium China-optimized routes (CN2 GIA/AS9929/CMIN2), providing excellent low-latency connectivity from Europe to mainland China.

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